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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Illegaler Handel - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Illegaler Handel

Zigaretten gehören weltweit zu den meist geschmuggelten Konsumgütern. Schätzungsweise entgehen allen Staaten der Welt jährlich 40,5 Milliarden US-Dollar an Steuereinnahmen durch Zigarettenschmuggel.

Milliardengeschäft Zigarettenschmuggel als globales Problem

Bei Einfuhr aus EU-Mitgliedsstaaten sind Tabakwaren, solange sie für den Eigenbedarf bestimmt sind, zoll- und abgabefrei. Wenn eine Grenze von 800 Stück Zigaretten überschritten wird, muss dargelegt werden, dass die Waren für den Eigengebrauch bestimmt sind. Bei Einfuhr aus Drittländern gilt eine Grenze von 200 Stück Zigaretten.

Zur Frage, wie hoch der Anteil an illegal gehandelten Zigaretten ist, gibt es unterschiedliche Angaben. Sie reichen je nach Art, Zeitpunkt und Intention der Zählung von 3 bis 17 Prozent. In Ländern mit hohen Tabaksteuern gibt es einen besonders hohen Anreiz für Schmuggel, da hier die Gewinnspanne besonders groß ist.

Globale Maßnahmen zur Bekämpfung des illegalen Handels:

  • Vergabe von Lizenzen für die Herstellung, den Transport und den Vertrieb von Tabakprodukten
  • Kennzeichnung von Tabakprodukten zur Erleichterung ihrer Herkunftsbestimmung (Digitale Steuermarke, Strichcode, …)
  • Überwachung des grenzüberschreitenden Handels und Datenaustausch zwischen Behörden
  • Erlassung bzw. Verschärfung von Rechtsvorschriften sowie angemessene Strafverfolgung
  • Effektive internationale Kooperationen
  • Kooperationsverpflichtung von Tabakkonzernen
  • Verbot von Internetverkäufen sowie des zollfreien Verkaufs von Tabakwaren
  • Vernichtung aller gefälschten und geschmuggelten Tabakprodukte sowie von Geräten und Zubehör für deren Herstellung

Die Tabakprodukte-Richtlinie der EU sieht einige konkreten Maßnahmen gegen illegalen Handel vor. Die Richtlinie wurde mit 19.5.2016 in das Recht der 28 Mitgliedstaaten umgesetzt.

Die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) widmet in der Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) einen Schwerpunkt der Bekämpfung des illegalen Handels. Mit dem Illicit Trade Protocol wurde ein wichtiges Werkzeug im Kampf gegen illegalen Handel erlassen. Es ist eine globale Antwort auf ein globales Problem.

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