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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 EU-Richtlinien - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention

Europäisches Recht

Die Europäische Union (EU) regelt nur wenig zum Schutz der Gesundheit. Tabak und Nikotin zählen zu den wenigen Ausnahmen. Dies liegt an ihrem großen Potenzial, die Gesundheit zu schädigen und zu einer Suchterkrankung zu führen.

EU-Richtlinien

Zwei Richtlinien der EU betreffen unmittelbar Tabakerzeugnisse und Nikotinprodukte. Es sind dies die Tabakprodukte-Richtlinie und die Richtlinie über Werbung und Sponsoring von Tabakprodukten.

Tabakprodukte-Richtlinie

Inhaltsstoffe, Zusatzstoffe, Meldepflicht neuer Produkte, Verpackungen, Stückzahl, Kennzeichnung und alles andere rund um das Produkt selbst ist über die Tabakprodukte-Richtlinie geregelt. In Anlehnung an ihre englische Bezeichnung lautet ihre Abkürzung „TPD II“.

Diese Richtlinie wurde 2014 beschlossen und ist mit zweijähriger Übergangsfrist seit 20.5.2016 in nationales Recht umgesetzt. Durch einheitliche Rechtsvorschriften für Tabak- und Nikotinprodukte verfolgt die Richtlinie zwei Ziele: Sie will dadurch den Binnenmarkt erleichtern und den Gesundheitsschutz fördern.

Seit Inkrafttreten der Richtlinie gelten folgende Neuerungen:

  • Verbot von charakteristischen Aromen in Zigaretten und Tabak zum Selbstdrehen (Nachfrist für Menthol bis 19.5.2020)
  • Pflicht der Tabakindustrie, muss den Mitgliedstaaten Berichte über die in den Tabakerzeugnissen verwendeten Inhaltsstoffe vorzulegen
  • Gesundheitsrelevante Warnhinweise auf Verpackungen von Zigaretten und Tabak zum Selbstdrehen (65 % der Vorder- und Rückseite in Kombination aus Text und Bild)
  • Verbot von kleinen Verpackungen für bestimmte Tabakwaren
  • Verbot von verkaufsfördernden und irreführende Elementen auf den Tabakverpackungen
  • EU-weites System zur Überwachung und Verfolgung von Tabakerzeugnissen, um den illegalen Handel zu unterbinden
  • Möglichkeit für die Mitgliedstaaten, Internetverkäufe von Tabakerzeugnissen zu verbieten
  • Sicherheits- und Qualitätsanforderungen für E-Zigaretten
  • Maximaler Nikotingehalt von E-Zigaretten (20 Milligramm)
  • Meldung neuartiger Tabakprodukte, bevor sie auf den EU-Markt gebracht werden
  • Möglichkeit für Mitgliedstaaten, standardisierte Verpackungen ohne Werbefläche einzuführen
  • Möglichkeit für Mitgliedstaaten, E-Zigaretten in ihre Regeln aufzunehmen

EU-Richtlinie über Werbung und Sponsoring von Tabakerzeugnissen

Vielleicht erinnern sich manche noch an Fernsehwerbung fürs Rauchen oder an große Werbeplakate einzelner Zigarettenmarken bei Rennen der Formel eins oder bei internationalen Fußball-Bewerben. Das ist Vergangenheit.

Denn seit 2003 sind Werbung für Tabakprodukte und Sponsoring durch die Tabakindustrie in einer eigenen EU-Richtlinie geregelt. Sie heißt „Richtlinie zur Angleichung von Werbung und Sponsoring zugunsten von Tabakerzeugnissen“ und beinhaltet drei zentrale Maßnahmen:

  • Verbot von Werbung in Printmedien, den Gemeinschaftsmarkt der EU betreffen sowie im Fernsehen und im Hörfunk
  • Verbot von Sponsoring von Veranstaltungen „mit grenzüberschreitender Wirkung“, also von Veranstaltungen, die nicht nur auf einen Mitgliedstaat bezogen sind
  • Verbot der kostenlosen Verteilung von Tabakerzeugnissen durch Händler*innen (Gratis-Proben usw.)

Viele Formen der Werbung für Tabak- und Nikotinprodukte sind jedoch nicht eingeschlossen und damit in der EU zulässig. Dasselbe gilt für Arten von Sponsoring durch die Tabakindustrie. Zulässig sind insbesondere „below the line“-Marketing, indirekte Verkaufsförderung und Sponsoring von Veranstaltungen im eigenen Land. E-Zigaretten sind gar nicht inkludiert, da sie damals noch nicht am Markt waren.

Mehr dazu: