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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Nikotinprodukte: Anbau von Tabak unter der Lupe - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Nikotinprodukte: Anbau von Tabak unter der Lupe

Der Film „Tobacco Slave“ zeigt, woher der Tabak kommt und wie es den Landwirt*innen dabei geht. Historische Vergleiche zu Sklaven auf Tabakfeldern drängen sich auf.

Tabak-Anbau: Harte Arbeit für wenig Lohn

Tabak in Zigaretten, Zigarren und Snus stammt von Pflanzen, deren Blätter getrocknet und weiter verarbeitet werden. E-Zigaretten und Nikotinbeutel enthalten keinen Tabak, aber Nikotin. Das Nikotin wird in den meisten Fällen von Tabakblättern extrahiert. Auch dafür braucht es also die Pflanze.

Weltweit wächst der meiste Tabak im globalen Süden. Dort bauen ihn zumeist Kleinbauern und Kleinbäuerinnen an.

Anbau, Zucht und Ernte erfolgen unter schwierigen Bedingungen und großer Abhängigkeit von den globalen Tabakkonzernen und ihren Lieferanten. Leicht geraten Bauern und Bäuerinnen im Rahmen des Vertragssystems in einen Kreislauf aus Schulden und Armut.

Widerspruch: Bei Landwirten wachsen Schulden, in der Tabakindustrie Gewinne

Wie es Tabakbauern und Tabakbäuerinnen geht, zeigt der Film „Tobacco Slave“. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei ein Widerspruch: Während viele Landwirtschaften vom Tabakanbau kaum leben können, macht die Tabakindustrie große Gewinne. Dementspechend lautet der Untertitel des Films „How Farmers Grow Debt while Tobacco Industry Grow Profit“.

Bäuerinnen und Bauern aus armen Ländern sind oft in ausbeuterischen Verträgen gefangen. Sie haben wenig Verhandlungsmacht. Harte Arbeit im Tabakanbau führt im Allgemeinen zu höchstens kleinen Gewinnen. Ein Teil der Landwirtschaften hat am Ende der Anbausaison sogar Schulden bei dem Unternehmen, mit dem sie einen Vertrag abgeschlossen haben.

Gleichzeitig machen Tabakkonzerne, die den unter fragwürdigen Bedingungen hergestellten Tabak verwenden, weiterhin jährlich Milliarden von Dollar an Gewinn.

Der halbstündige Film „Tobacco Slave“ beleuchtet – etwa am Beispiel des afrikanischen Landes Malawi – die Notlage der Tabakbauern. Er lässt sie in ihren eigenen Worten erzählen, wie der Tabak-Anbau wirklich ist und unter welchen Bedingungen sie die Basis für Tabak- und Nikotinprodukte herstellen.

Tabak-Sklaven im historischen Vergleich

Zu Wort kommen auch Historiker und lokale Expertinnen und Experten. Diese gehen auch auf die Kolonialgeschichte der Tabakindustrie ein. Sie untersuchen, wie sich die Geschäftspraktiken der Tabakindustrie im Laufe der Jahre verändert haben – und wie nicht.

So zieht der Film viele Vergleiche mit den früheren Sklaven auf Tabakplantagen. Der Kolonialismus der Vergangenheit hinterlässt auch heute noch starke Spuren in der globalen Tabakindustrie.

“Tobacco Slave” wurde von der “Tobacco Control Research Group” der Universität Bath (Großbritannien). Regie führten und Simon Wharf und Roy Maconachie.

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