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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Menschenrechte - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Tabak und Menschenrechte

Es gibt viele Hinweise darauf, dass Tabakanbau den Menschenrechten widerspricht. Menschenunwürdige Arbeitsbedingungen und Kinderarbeit sind vor allem in Niedriglohnländern auf Tabakfeldern sehr häufig zu beobachten.

Menschenunwürdige Arbeit und Kinderarbeit auf Tabakfeldern

Die Vereinten Nationen (UN) sind um eine Verringerung der sozioökonomischen Ungleichheit ihrer 178 Mitgliedstaaten bemüht. Im Jahr 2015 verabschiedete die UN-Vollversammlung daher 17 konkrete Ziele für nachhaltige Entwicklung. In diesen „Sustainable Development Goals“ (SDGs) legt die UNO unter anderem fest, dass alle Länder bis zum Jahr 2030 weltweit Armut und Hunger beenden, menschenwürdige Arbeit schaffen und Gesundheit fördern wollen.

Im Hinblick auf diese „Sustainable Development Goals“ (SDG) sind auch Anbau und Ernte von Tabak daher sehr kritisch zu sehen. Die WHO-Rahmenkonvention zur Tabakkontrolle (FCTC) ist ausdrücklich Teil des dritten Ziels („Gesundheit“).

Tabakanbau widerspricht Menschenrechten

Es gibt viele Hinweise darauf, dass Tabakanbau den Menschenrechten widerspricht. Darauf weist unter anderem die Berliner Organisation Unfair Tobacco in zahlreichen Publikationen hin: Kleinbauern und -bäuerinnen können mit Tabakanbau nur schwer ihren Lebensunterhalt verdienen (unvereinbar mit SDGs 1 und 2). Oft sind ihre Einnahmen so gering, dass sie keine Arbeiter*innen bezahlen können. Deshalb müssen bei vielen Kleinbauernfamilien alle Familienmitglieder, also auch Kinder, durch Feldarbeit zum Lebensunterhalt beitragen (unvereinbar mit SDG 8.7).

Vergiftungen der Arbeiter*innen

Im Anbau von Tabak werden Pestizide und andere Chemikalien intensiv eingesetzt. Daher sind Arbeitsunfälle wie Vergiftungen weit verbreitet (unvereinbar mit SDGs 3.9, 8.8). Kleinbauern und -bäuerinnen mangelt es häufig an angemessener Schutzkleidung. Darüber hinaus enthält die Tabakpflanze das wasser- und fettlösliche Nervengift Nikotin, das bei Feuchtigkeit über die Haut aufgenommen wird. Dadurch kann die „Grüne Tabakkrankheit“, eine akute Nikotinvergiftung, hervorgerufen werden (unvereinbar mit SDG 8.8). Sie führt u. a. zu Schwindel, Übelkeit und Erbrechen sowie zu starker Dehydratation.

Nicht zuletzt eine weitere auf Menschenrechte spezialisierte Organisation machte auf diesen Zusammenhang aufmerksam: Das Dänische Institut für Menschenrechte bescheinigt der Tabakindustrie in einem Gutachten, durch ihr Geschäftsmodell per se den Menschenrechten zu widersprechen.

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