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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Umweltschutz - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Tabak schadet der Umwelt

Auch das Rauchen verschmutzt die Umwelt, und zwar vom Anbau bis zum Abfall-Produkt. So werden weltweit Milliarden Zigarettenstummel achtlos auf den Boden geworfen. Zigarettenstummel zählen zu den häufigsten unsachgemäß entsorgten Müllarten der Welt.

4.500.000.000.000 Zigarettenstummel landen jedes Jahr in der Natur

Expert*innen gehen von jährlich 4,5 Billionen achtlos in der Natur weggeworfenen Zigarettenstummeln aus. Das zeigen Müllsammlungen, die jährlich systematisch durchgeführt werden und über die Jahre eine Hochrechnung zulassen. In den Kanal gekippt oder durch Regen aufgeweicht, gelangen Nikotin und andere Giftstoffe ins Grundwasser und verschmutzen dieses. Besonders schädlich ist dabei neben Nikotin und anderen Giftstoffen der Filter. Denn dieser besteht meist aus Kunststoff und ist nicht biologisch abbaubar.

Aber auch schon während ihrer Entstehung schaden Zigaretten, E-Zigaretten und andere Nikotin-Produkte der Umwelt. Denn gewonnen werden sie aus der Tabak-Pflanze, und diese benötig besonders viel Wasser und laugt den Boden aus. Durch die starke Bewässerung kommt es vermehrt zu Erosionen des Bodens. Angebaut in Mono-Kulturen, wächst oft jahrelang nichts mehr nach Tabak. Denn der Boden ist durch diese Pflanze deutlich ausgelaugter als durch die meisten anderen Pflanzen.

Ausgebeutete Kleinbauern und Kinderarbeit

Der meiste Tabak weltweit wird von Kleinbauern und Kleinbäuerinnen angebaut. Häufig arbeiten ihre Kinder mit, damit die Familie von den geringen Einkünften überleben kann.

Nach der Ernte trocknen die Bauern und Bäuerinnen die Tabakblätter. Da der meiste Tabak in Schwellenländern und Entwicklungsländern angebaut wird, geschieht dies meist über offenem Feuer. Das verstärkt den Klimawandel. Denn es müssen enorme Mengen an Tabakblättern getrocknet werden, um den Bedarf zu stillen. Weltweit werden jährlich rund 5 Millionen Tonnen Zigaretten produziert. Durch Tabak für andere Tabakprodukte potenziert sich diese Zahl. Denn der Bedarf ist groß: Weltweit konsumieren rund 1,1 Milliarden Menschen Tabak. Weitere rund 41 Millionen konsumieren E-Zigaretten. Auch deren Nikotin wird teilweise aus Tabakblättern gewonnen.

Klimawandel durch Trocknung der Blätter und Abholzung des Regenwaldes

Der Klimawandel wird jedoch nicht nur durch die Emissionen der Millionen Holzöfen beschleunigt, die einzig zum Zweck der Trocknung von Tabak betrieben werden. Ein weltweit großes Problem ist auch die Abholzung des Regenwaldes für das Rauchen. Denn wer über Holz trocknet, benötigt Holz. Dieses kommt häufig aus dem Regenwald, bevor die Blätter zu Zigaretten weiterverarbeitet werden können. Allein für die beliebten American-Blend-Zigaretten werden weltweit rund 200.000 Hektar Naturwald jährlich zerstört.

Die Studie „Ruinierte Natur“ der deutschen Organisation Unfair Tobacco beschreibt die wichtigsten Zusammenhänge zwischen Umweltzerstörung und Tabak. Auch eine TV-Dokumentation des ZDF stellt fest: Zigaretten sind eigentlich Sondermüll.

Neue Herausforderung für den Umweltschutz sind E-Zigaretten: Liquids mit Nikotin und anderen Chemikalien sowie Akkus und Einweg-E-Zigaretten mit inkludiertem Akku werden derzeit im Hausmüll entsorgt.

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