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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Zigarette - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention

Zigarette

Unter dem Begriff „Zigarette“ ist die konventionelle, in Schachteln verkaufte Tabakzigarette gemeint. Es gibt sie seit mehr als 100 Jahren. Sie wurde von der Tabakindustrie erfunden, um Menschen eine kürzere Alternative zum Pfeifen-Rauchen zu bieten.

Legal, aber schädlich

Für konventionelle Zigaretten wird der Tabak aus der Tabakpflanze gewonnen, getrocknet und geschreddert. Anschließend wird er homogenisiert, gepresst und mit zahlreichen Zusatzstoffen versetzt. Zusatzstoffe machen das Rauchen einfacher, erleichtern die Gewöhnung und verdecken unangenehmen Geschmack. Sie färben auch den Rauch, den die Zigarette abgibt. In der Europäischen Union dürfen Zigaretten seit Inkrafttreten der EU-Tabakprodukte-Richtlinie kein charakterisierendes Aroma haben.

Filter aus Kunststoff schadet der Umwelt

Die meisten Zigaretten haben einen Filter aus dem Kunststoff Zelluloseacetat. Das ist ein großes Problem für die Umwelt. Denn Zigaretten zählen weltweit zu den häufigsten Müllsorten, die häufig auch achtlos einfach auf den Boden geworfen und ausgedämpft werden.

Daneben gibt es auch Tabak zum Selbstdrehen. Dazu „bauen“ sich Rauchende ihre Zigaretten selbst: aus Tabak, Filterpapier und manchmal einem Filter. Tabak zum Selbstdrehen ist niedriger besteuert als Zigaretten aus der Schachtel. Er wird auch „Feinschnitt“ oder „Roll your own“ genannt.

Beim Rauchen von Zigaretten aus der Schachtel und selbstgedrehten Zigaretten wird der Tabak bei Temperaturen von über 900 °C verbrannt. Dies unterscheidet die klassische Tabakzigarette von Tabakerhitzern. Auch Größe und Kompaktheit sind anders, obwohl auch in Tabakerhitzern Tabakzigaretten stecken.

Schädlichstes legal erhältliches Produkt der Welt

Tabakzigaretten können als das schädlichste legal erhältliche Produkt der Welt bezeichnet werden. Denn bei bestimmungsgemäßem Gebrauch machen sie abhängig und schaden der Gesundheit sehr. Bei der Hälfte ihrer langjährigen Nutzer*innen führen sie sogar zum vorzeitigen Tod.

Laut Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) sind  Rauchen ist neben Alkohol, falscher Ernährung und zu wenig Bewegung eine der vier Hauptursachen für nichtübertragbare Krankheiten. Diese machen weltweit 71 Prozent der Todesfälle aus.

Die WHO bezeichnet das Rauchen als Epidemie. Die „Tabak-Epidemie“ ist demnach eine der größten Bedrohungen für die öffentliche Gesundheit, der die Welt jemals ausgesetzt war. Weltweit sterben jährlich mehr als acht Millionen Menschen daran. über sieben Millionen dieser Todesfälle sind auf den direkten Tabakkonsum zurückzuführen, während rund 1,2 Millionen auf den Folgen des Passivrauchens beruhen.

Von allen Produkten mit Nikotin ist die konventionelle Tabakzigarette aus der Schachtel das mit großem Abstand am häufigsten konsumierte Produkt. Am zweithäufigsten rauchen Menschen Tabak zum Selbstdrehen. Zigarren, Zigarillos und Pfeifen haben nur einen geringen Marktanteil. Seit den 2010er Jahren sind auch Wasserpfeifen verbreitet, insbesondere unter Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen. In Österreich sind alle Tabakprodukte aufgrund des Tabakmonopols nur in speziellen lizensierten Verkaufsstellen erhältlich.

Moderne Variante: Tabakerhitzer

Moderne Abart der Zigarette ist der Tabakerhitzer. Dieser enthält eine spezielle Zigarette, die erhitzt, aber nicht verbrannt wird. Ein bekanntes Tabakprodukt ist auch Snus. Neuere Produkte wie E-Zigaretten und Nikotinbeutel beinhalten Nikotin und Aromen, aber keinen Tabak.

Seit auch E-Zigaretten am Markt sind, wird die Zigarette auch „konventionelle Zigarette“ genannt. So ist eine Unterscheidung möglich.

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