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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Tabakerhitzer - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention

Tabakerhitzer

Tabakerhitzer sind Tabakprodukte, die durch elektrische Erhitzung geraucht werden. Dazu werden spezielle (kürzere, kompaktere) Tabakzigaretten in ein dazu passendes Gerät gesteckt.

Tabakerhitzer beinhalten immer Nikotin

Das Gerät beinhaltet einen Akku, welcher die Hitze erzeugt. Der Grad der Erhitzung ist mit 250 bis 350 Grad niedriger als bei konventionellen Tabakzigaretten, die ja durch Verbrennung geraucht werden.

Tabakerhitzer werden von mehreren großen Tabakkonzernen am Markt angeboten. Sie haben unterschiedliche Markennamen und werden sehr stark als „weniger schädlich“ vermarktet. Als Referenz dazu wird ausschließlich der Vergleich mit konventionellen Zigaretten bei vollständigem Umstieg angestellt. Wie bei der E-Zigarette zeigt sich jedoch, dass die meisten Rauchenden neben Tabakerhitzern weiterhin auch konventionelle Zigarette rauchen.

In Tabakerhitzern werden spezielle Tabakzigaretten in besonderen, jeweils dazu passenden Geräten elektronisch erhitzt. Das dabei entstehende Aerosol wird inhaliert. Tabakerhitzer verursachen Passivrauch, wenn er auch anders zusammengesetzt ist als Passivrauch von konventionellen Zigaretten. Der Tabakatlas Deutschland führt aus: Der Tabak in den konventionellen Zigaretten ist stärker verarbeitet als jener in den Zigaretten von Tabakerhitzern. Außerdem ist er mit viel Glyzerin versetzt.

Hersteller*innen nennen diese Tabakzigaretten „Heets“, „Heet Sticks“ oder „Sticks“. Im Marketing findet eine große Abgrenzung von konventionellen Tabakzigaretten statt. Auch von den Namen her soll nichts mehr an Zigaretten erinnern, obwohl es sich dabei um Tabakzigaretten handelt. Wer von konventioneller Tabakzigarette auf Tabakzigarette im Tabakerhitzer umsteigt, ist weiterhin Raucher*in. Ein Umstieg auf Tabakerhitzer ist keine Entwöhnung.

Zigaretten in Tabakerhitzern sind rechtlich Tabakprodukte

Dementsprechend stellt die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) klar, dass Tabakerhitzer Tabakprodukte sind und voll und ganz unter das Regime der internationalen Rahmenübereinkommen zur Reduktion des Rauchens fallen. Auch die US-amerikanische Food and Drug Administration (FDA) unterstellte Tabakerhitzer im Jahr 2020 ausdrücklich ihrem Regime und damit den Regeln anderer suchterzeugender und gesundheitsschädlicher Substanzen. Sie dürfen derzeit laut FDA unter Vorbehalt und temporär als „im Vergleich zu Verbrennungszigaretten weniger schädlich“ beworben werden. Die FDA betont jedoch, dass sie Tabakerhitzer weder als sicher noch als harmlos einstuft. Sie dürfen auch nicht als „von der FDA genehmigt“ vermarktet werden.

Das mit Abstand am häufigsten konsumierte Tabakprodukt ist die konventionelle, in Schachteln verkaufte Tabakzigarette. Das zweithäufigste Produkt ist Tabak zum Selbstdrehen. Tabakerhitzer sind in Österreich erst seit 2019 auf dem Markt. Aufgrund des Tabakmonopols werden die dabei gerauchten Zigaretten ausschließlich in Trafiken und anderen definierten Verkaufsstellen verkauft. Die Geräte ohne die Zigaretten sind in Österreich nicht als Tabakprodukt eingestuft und dürfen dementsprechend frei verkauft werden.

In Deutschland sind Tabakerhitzer bereits seit 2017 bundesweit erhältlich. Ihre Verbreitung ist ähnlich wie jene von E-Zigaretten: Nur wenige rauchen sie ausschließlich, aber viele kombinieren sie mit der konventionellen Tabakzigarette. Werden zwei oder mehr Nikotinprodukte parallel konsumiert, nennt man dies „Multiplen Konsum“. Er ist bei Tabakerhitzern und E-Zigaretten besonders stark verbreitet.

In Deutschland und Österreich noch nicht erhältlich sind Hybridmodelle, bei denen wie in einer E-Zigarette eine nikotinhaltige Flüssigkeit erhitzt wird, das Aerosol dann aber zur Aromatisierung durch Tabak hindurchgeleitet wird.

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