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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Rauchverbot: Kaum Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Rauchverbot: Kaum Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft

Am 1.11.2019 trat das Rauchverbot in der Gastronomie nach jahrelangen Diskussionen, mehrmaligen Gesetzesänderungen und schließlich vier Monaten Übergangsfrist in Kraft.

Einfluss auf wirtschaftliche Lage von Gastronomiebetrieben marginal

Bereits im Vorfeld wurde die rauchfreie Gastronomie für Betriebsschließungen verantwortlich gemacht und scheint mitunter zum Sündenbock für Entwicklungen zu werden, die in der Gastronomie nicht wunschgemäß verlaufen. Diese negativen Prognosen waren in Österreich nicht anders als in anderen Ländern. Die Befürchtung, ein absolutes Rauchverbot habe negativen Einfluss auf die wirtschaftliche Lage von Gastronomiebetrieben, wird von der Tabakindustrie und ihren Frontgruppen häufig kommuniziert.

Laufend schließen Lokale und eröffnen andere

Aber in jedem Monat schließen Lokale und eröffnen andere, unabhängig vom Rauchverbot. Wie sich international zeigte, ändert das Rauchverbot weder an der Zahl der Lokale noch an der Zahl der Gastronomiebediensteten etwas. So schlossen im deutschen Bundeland Nordrhein-Westfalen nach der 2013 erfolgten Einführung der rauchfreien Gastronomie 2,9 Prozent der Lokale. In den Jahren davor waren es jedoch 3,1 und 4,6 Prozent gewesen, obwohl es damals noch Raucherlokale gab. Zeitgleich mit rauchfreier Gastronomie stieg der Umsatz.

In Bayern wiederum waren unmittelbar nach Einführung der rauchfreien Gastronomie im August 2010 leichte Umsatzeinbußen bei getränkedominierten Raucherlokalen zu verzeichnen. Nach kurzer Zeit hatte sich dies wieder eingependelt, und in acht von zwölf Monaten nach der Einführung lagen die Umsätze bereits über denen des Vorjahres. In der Speisegastronomie lag der Umsatz sogar in zehn von zwölf Monaten über dem Vorjahr. Dennoch wurden von Branchenvertretern ein Jahr nach Einführung der rauchfreien Gastronomie in Bayern 30 Prozent Umsatzeinbußen beklagt. Diese Daten waren jedoch an einer nicht repräsentativen Stichprobe von deklarierten Gegnern des Rauchverbots erhoben worden. Sie konnten nicht verifiziert werden. Die offizielle Statistik widersprach dieser Darstellung. Auch die Anzahl der Beschäftigten blieb nach Einführung rauchfreier Gastronomie konstant.

Kein Einfluss auf Anzahl der Lokale und Gastro-Beschäftigten

Auch eine Studie aus Spanien widerlegt die im Vorfeld geäußerten Bedenken: Die Einführung eines absoluten Rauchverbots in der Gastronomie hatte dort keinen Einfluss auf die Anzahl gastronomischer Betriebe. Verglichen wurden die Jahre 2006 bis 2014. Fazit: In jedem Jahr sperrten Gastronomiebetriebe auf und öffneten andere. Das Rauchverbot veränderte dies nicht. 2011 wurde in Spanien ein absolutes Rauchverbot eingeführt.

In Österreich kurz nach Rauchverbot Pandemie

Für Österreich wird es keine Daten geben, wie sich das Rauchverbot auf die Umsätze der Gastronomie und auf die Zahl der Beschäftigten auswirkte. Denn es trat wenige Monate vor Ausbruch der COVID-19-Pandemie in Kraft. Gut vier Monate nach seiner Einführung befand sich Österreich bereits im ersten Lockdown.

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