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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Rauchfreie Gastronomie - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Rauchfreie Gastronomie

Die Gastronomie ist ein zentraler öffentlicher Ort des Zusammenlebens. Daher sind hier Regelungen besonders wichtig. Rauchfreie Innenräume in der Gastronomie sind eine zentrale Maßnahme der Tabakkontrolle. Auch die Rahmenvereinbarung FCTC stellt dies fest.

Schutz vor Passivrauch und neue Normalität

Tabak ist ein legal erhältliches Produkt und bedarf dennoch besonders vieler Regelungen, da es ein extrem hohes Schädigungspotenzial hat. Konsum in geschlossenen Räumen führt zum Ausstoß von Passivrauch. Passivrauch ist sehr schädlich. Er schädigt Nichtrauchende, aber auch die Rauchenden selbst, die ihn genauso einatmen.

Rauchfreie Gastronomie hat zwei sehr positive Folgen: Erstens schützt sie sehr viele Menschen vor dem gefährlichen Passivrauch. Dies hilft Bediensteten wie Kellner*innen, aber auch nichtrauchenden Gästen und den Raucher*innen selbst. Denn ihnen allen schadet der Passivrauch in Innenräumen sehr.

Zweitens de-normalisiert sie das Rauchen, sie trägt maßgeblich dazu bei, Rauchfreiheit zur Norm zu machen. Dadurch beginnen mittelfristig weniger Menschen mit dem Rauchen. Rauchenden erleichtert es das Weniger-Rauchen oder Aufhören. Aus Sicht der Suchtprävention sprechen zehn Argumente für das Rauchverbot in der Gastronomie.

Viele Länder verbieten aus diesen Gründen das Rauchen in den Innenräumen von Restaurants, Cafés, Bars und anderen Lokalen: Als erstes europäisches Land setzte Irland im Jahr 2004 das absolute Rauchverbot in der Gastronomie um, also Rauchfreiheit in Innenräumen ohne Ausnahmen. Es folgten weitere Länder, etwa Norwegen 2004, England und Schweden 2005, Island 2007, Niederlande und Frankreich 2008, Bayern 2010, Spanien 2011, Ungarn 2012 Nordrhein-Westfalen 2013 und Tschechien 2017.

In Österreich gilt seit 1.11.2019 ein Rauchverbot in der Gastronomie ohne Ausnahmen. Alle Innenräume aller Lokale sind rauchfrei. Freiflächen – z. B. Gärten und Terrassen –  sind vom Rauchverbot nicht betroffen. Die rauchfreie Gastronomie war in Österreich eine schwere Geburt. In Österreich gab es eine eigene Gesundheitsfolgenabschätzung, die ihren positiven Effekt errechnete.

Wie aus vielen Ländern bekannt ist, lernen die Menschen Rauchfreiheit mit der Zeit noch mehr zu schätzen: Nach ihrer Einführung steigt im Allgemeinen die Zustimmung der Bevölkerung zur rauchfreien Gastronomie. Wirtschaftlich gab es kaum Auswirkungen, und wenn, denn pendelten sie sich rasch wieder ein. Auf die Gesundheit der Bevölkerung waren positive Effekte messbar. Denn es fiel nicht nur die Passivrauch-Belastung in Lokalen weg. Die Menschen stellten sich auch um und gingen in anderen Situationen eher ins Freie zum Rauchen oder rauchten sogar weniger.

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