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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Wasserpfeife - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Wasserpfeife

Die Wasserpfeife, auch „Shisha“ oder „Hookah“ genannt, ist ein spezielles Tabakprodukt, das aus dem Nahen Osten, Indien und Ostafrika stammt und in Mitteleuropa erst seit den 2000er-Jahren breitere Beachtung und Verwendung erlebt.

Gleich ungesund wie Zigaretten

Wasserpfeifen beinhaltet anderen Tabak als Zigaretten. Dieser besteht aus einer Mischung aus Tabak, Melasse, Glycerin und Aromastoffen, hier vor allem Fruchtaromen. Diese Zusatzstoffe sollen das Rauchen vor allem für Jugendliche und Einstieger*innen attraktiver machen.

Dabei ist das Rauchen einer Wasserpfeife genauso ungesund wie das einer Zigarette. Auch hier atmet man den giftigen Tabakrauch ein. Das Durchleiten des Rauchs durch das Wasser hat keine reinigende Wirkung, es kühlt den Rauch nur ab, sodass er leichter zu inhalieren ist.

Niedrigere Temperatur, gleiches Schädigungspotenzial

Während beim Rauchen einer Zigarette der Tabak verbrannt wird, verschwelt er bei der Wasserpfeife bei niedrigen Temperaturen. Dabei entstehen krebserzeugende und andere schädigende Stoffe, wie zum Beispiel Acetaldehyd, Acrolein oder Benzol. Darüber hinaus sind auch die dem Wasserpfeifentabak beigefügten Feuchthaltemittel giftig und krebserregend.

Eine Sonderform sind elektronische Wasserpfeifen: Diese erhitzen elektronische Steine („Shiazo-Steine“), auf die dann eine Flüssigkeit mit Aromen und Nikotin getropft wird. Diese Konsumform scheint aber wenig am Schädigungspotenzial zu ändern. So zeigte eine chemische Testung, dass in der Raumluft die Konzentration von Formaldehyd, Acetaldehyd, Glycerin und Propylenglykol deutlich anstiegen. Sogar im Urin der Rauchenden waren Schadstoffe nachweisbar. Außer bei der Nikotin-Menge haben elektronische Wasserpfeifen denselben toxischen Inhalt wie Wasserpfeifen mit Tabak, zeigt eine Studie.

Besonderes Suchtrisiko durch langes Rauchen

Das Rauchen von Wasserpfeife birgt ein besonderes Suchtrisiko, da man durch das lange Rauchen mehr Nikotin als beim Rauchen einer Zigarette aufnimmt. Dafür sind mehrere Aspekte verantwortlich: Erstens nimmt der Konsumierende beim Shisha-Rauchen pro Zug deutlich größere Rauchmengen auf als beim Zigarettenrauchen. Zweitens dauert eine Wasserpfeifen-Sitzung rund 30 bis 60 Minuten, und der Konsument zieht bis zu 290 Mal an der Shisha. Das ist ungleich mehr als bei einer Zigarette, die in 11 bis 15 Zügen innerhalb von 5 bis 10 Minuten geraucht wird.

Shisha-Rauchende zeigen dieselben Entzugssymptome und dieselben Schwierigkeiten, den Konsum einzustellen, wie Zigarettenrauchende.

Besonders ausgeprägt ist der Passivrauch, der durch Shishas entsteht. Dieser beinhaltet besonders viel Kohlenmonoxid und lungengängige Partikel.

Konsum vor allem bei jungen Erwachsenen

Für Österreich gibt es keine Daten zum Konsum von Wasserpfeifen. In Deutschland hat etwa jede sechste Person  (ab 15 Jahren) mindestens einmal  im Leben Wasserpfeife geraucht, berichtet der Tabakatlas Deutschland. Der Konsum hängt stark mit dem Alter zusammen: Besonders verbreitet ist der Konsum im Alter von 18 bis 25 Jahren, wo fast zwei Drittel jemals Wasserpfeife geraucht haben und mehr als jede*r Sechste (16 Prozent) angibt, sie in den letzten 30 Tagen geraucht zu haben. Ab dem Alter von 25 Jahren fangen nur noch wenige Personen mit dem Wasserpfeifen-Rauchen an.

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