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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Rauchen und Corona-Virus - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Rauchen und Corona-Virus

Weltweit berichteten Medien darüber, und auch die Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) griff das Thema auf: Der Konsum von Tabak und Nikotin wirkt sich ungünstig auf Corona-Erkrankungen mit dem COVID-19-Virus aus.

Rauchen erhöht Ansteckungsrisiko und begünstigt schweren Krankheitsverlauf

Wer raucht, infiziert sich eher

Dass sich Rauchende eher infizieren, hat drei Ursachen: Erstens schwächt Rauchen das Immunsystem. Die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Infektionen steigt, Erkrankungen brechen eher aus und verlaufen durchschnittlich schwerer. Die größten Gefahren für die schlechteren Abwehrkräfte gehen im Tabak vor allem von Nikotin und Teer aus.

Zweitens haben viele Rauchende Vorschädigung bei Lunge und Bronchien. Viele wissen noch nichts davon. Das Corona-Virus Sars-CoV-2 greift insbesondere die Lunge an. Bisherige Forschungen zeigen, dass Menschen mit Vorerkrankungen besondere Risikogruppe sind. Und drittens führen Rauchende oft die Hand zum Mund – viel öfter als Nichtrauchende. Auch das erhöht das Risiko für eine Infektion mit dem Corona-Virus, wie die WHO feststellt.

In den USA warnt die Food and Drug Administration (FDA) als oberste Behörde davor, dass sich Raucher eher mit dem Corona-Virus anstecken.

Wer raucht, hat mit Corona eher Komplikationen

Viele Studien zu COVID-19 teilen die Erkrankten in leichte Verläufe, mittlere Verläufe und schwere Verläufe. Als schwerer Verlauf zählt beispielsweise doppelseitige Lungenentzündung, Aufnahme in die Intensivstation, Notwendigkeit eines Beatmungsgeräts oder ausbleibende Besserung nach 14 Tagen. Es zeigte sich eindeutig, dass schwere Verläufe bei Rauchenden häufiger sind als bei Nichtrauchenden.

Wer Tabak konsumiert, hat im Fall einer Infektion mit Corona eher Komplikationen. Er oder sie hat eine deutlich erhöhte Wahrscheinlichkeit, im Krankenhaus behandelt werden zu müssen. Er oder sie muss eher auf die Intensivstation, braucht eher künstliche Beatmung und stirbt eher daran.

Auch E-Zigaretten gefährden – Aerosol verteilt Virus

International steht auch die Frage im Raum, inwiefern E-Zigaretten ungünstige Verläufe von COVID-19 begünstigen. Diesen Zusammenhang stellte CNN unter Berufung auf das Center of Diseases Control (CDC) her. CDC berichtet auch davon, dass in den USA auch unter den schwer Erkrankten ein hoher Anteil jüngerer Erwachsener (20 bis 44 Jahre) ist: 40 Prozent – also in jener Bevölkerungsgruppe, die auch den meisten E-Zigaretten-Konsum aufweist.

Die US-amerikanische Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnt ausdrücklich, dass E-Zigaretten die Lunge schädigen und die Corona-Krankheit verschlimmern können. Auch Time Magazine, CBS und New York Times berichten über erhöhtes Risiko.

Gleichzeitig verbreitet Aerosol das Virus. Eine Studie untersuchte, auf welchem Trägermaterialien sich COVID-19 hält. Analysiert wurde die Haltbarkeit auf zehn Trägermaterialien. Das Virus hielt sich auf Stahl und Plastik am längsten, aber auch im Aerosol von Nebelmaschinen war es drei Stunden lang nachweisbar. Aerosol ist Hauptbestandteil des Passivrauchs von E-Zigaretten. E-Zigaretten stehen damit im Verdacht, zur Verbreitung des Virus beizutragen.

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