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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Rauchen und Lunge - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Rauchen und Lunge

Rauchen gelangt über den Atemtrakt und die Lunge ins Blut und von dahin überall in den Körper. Beinahe jedes Organ des Körpers kann von Tabakkonsum geschädigt werden. Die Lunge und der gesamte Atemtrakt des Körpers sind jedoch besonders betroffen.

Chronische Bronchitis kennen viele Raucher*innen

Husten am Morgen nach dem Aufwachen ist nahezu jedem Menschen bekannt, der jahrelang täglich raucht. Früher „Raucher-Husten“ genannt, hängt die chronische Bronchitis sehr stark mit dem Rauchen zusammen. Das zeigt sich beispielsweise in einer schwedischen und einer amerikanischen Studie. Mit dem Rauchen aufzuhören, kann chronische Bronchitis stark verringern oder gar heilen.

Lungenkrebs 20 Mal so wahrscheinlich

Dass Rauchen Lungenkrebs auslösen kann, wird in der Öffentlichkeit wohl am häufigsten mit dem Rauchen assoziiert, und das zurecht. So erkranken Rauchende im Vergleich zu Nichtrauchenden mit bis über 20 Mal höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit an Lungenkrebs, wie eine Metaanalyse von 216 Studien resümiert. Das Risiko für die Entwicklung von Lungenkrebs steigt mit dem Konsum. Je mehr und je länger jemand schon raucht, desto eher entwickelt sich also Lungenkrebs.

In Deutschland sind jährlich rund 19 Prozent aller Krebserkrankungen tabak-assoziiert. Im Jahr 2018 waren dies 85.000 Neuerkrankungen. Sie entstanden also ursächlich durch das Rauchen. Bei Lungenkrebs sind die Zahlen deutlich höher, zeigt eine Studie: Rund 85 Prozent aller Todesfälle durch Lungenkrebs werden durch das Rauchen verursacht (83 Prozent bei den Frauen und 89 Prozent bei den Männern).

Knapp jeder Zweite, der lebenslang raucht, bekommt COPD

Häufige Folge des Rauchens ist auch die Entwicklung einer chronisch obstruktiven Lungenerkrankung (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD). COPD führt dazu, dass die Lungenbläschen ihre Funktion nicht mehr erfüllen können und sich die Aufnahme von Sauerstoff dadurch verringert. Betroffene können aus der Luft nicht ausreichend Sauerstoff entnehmen und verarbeiten.

Rund 40 bis 50 Prozent der lebenslang Rauchenden bekommen COPD, zeigt eine Metaanalyse. Von den Todesfällen infolge COPD sind bei Frauen 70 und bei Männern 83 Prozent durch das Rauchen verursacht. Das zeigt eine Analyse der Deutschen Todesursachen. Belegt ist auch der große Nutzen des Rauchstopps bei COPD: Selbst nach erfolgter COPD-Diagnose ist das Aufhören sinnvoll. Es kann das Voranschreiten von COPD bremsen.

Auch der Zusammenhang mit anderen Erkrankungen, die Lunge und Atemwege betreffen, ist gut belegt: Wer raucht, hat ein deutlich erhöhtes Risiko, an Asthma, Lungenentzündung, Tuberkulose oder einer krankhaften Aufblähung der Lunge (Emphysem) und Schlafapnoe (Atemaussetzer im Schlaf) zu erkranken.

E-Zigaretten schaden der Lunge

Im Vergleich zum Rauchen von Tabak haben E-Zigaretten weniger negative Auswirkungen auf den Körper. Im Vergleich zum Nichtrauchen schaden E-Zigaretten dem Körper deutlich der Gesundheit. Dies gilt auch für Lunge und Atemwege, zeigen Studien. So haben Menschen, die E-Zigaretten rauchen, doppelt so häufig chronische Bronchitis wie Nichtrauchende und sind anfälliger für Asthma.

Sowohl Zigarette als auch E-Zigarette zu rauchen ist die schädlichste Form des Konsums. Dieser sogenannte „Dual use“ oder „Poly use“ erhöht auch die Wahrscheinlichkeit für Erkrankungen der Atemwege deutlich.

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