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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Tabak ist Hauptursache für Lungenkrebs - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention

Tabak ist Hauptursache für Lungenkrebs

85 bis 90 Prozent aller Lungenkrebserkrankungen werden durch das Rauchen verursacht. Das Risiko sinkt erst durch das Aufhören.

Lungenkrebs ist "tödlichste" Krebsart

Lungenkrebs ist die Krebsart, die weltweit die häufigsten Todesfolgen hat. Fast jeder fünfte Todesfall durch Krebs (18,4 Prozent laut Globaler Krebsstatistik 2018) wird durch Lungenkrebs verursacht. In der EU erfährt durchschnittlich jede Minute ein Mensch, dass er Krebs hat. Ein Viertel der weltweiten Todesfälle durch Lungenkrebs treten in Europa auf.

Rauchen verursacht fast 9 von 10 Lungenkrebsfällen

Tabak ist die Hauptursache für Lungenkrebs. Studien zeigen, dass zwischen 85 und 90 Prozent aller Lungenkrebserkrankungen durch das Rauchen bedingt sind. Hinzu kommen Krebserkrankungen durch Passivrauch.

Eine Studie mit Daten aus 30 Ländern liefert Details: Gegenüber Nie-Rauchenden hatten Rauchende ein deutlich erhöhtes „relatives Lungenkrebsrisiko“. So hatten bei der häufigsten Form „Adenokarzinom“ rauchende Männer im Vergleich zu Nie-Rauchenden ein achtfach erhöhtes und rauchende Frauen ein 4,1-fach erhöhtes Risiko. Bei der Form „kleinzelliges Karzinom“, die rund ein Fünftel aller Lungenkrebsfälle ausmacht, war es noch deutlicher: Gegenüber Nie-Rauchenden hatten rauchende Männer ein 57,9-fach erhöhtes und rauchende Frauen ein 18,2-fach erhöhtes Risiko.

Dieselbe Studie zeigt: Auch bei Ex-Rauchenden ist das Lungenkrebs-Risiko erhöht, jedoch deutlich weniger als gegenüber den Weiterrauchenden. Das Risiko sinkt also eindeutig durch das Aufhören, wenn auch nicht mehr auf das Niveau von lebenslangen Nichtraucher*innen. Ebenso belegt ist ein erhöhtes Risiko für Lungenkrebs durch Passivrauch.

Insgesamt jede fünfte Krebserkrankung durch Tabak

Durch Passivrauch verursachte Krebserkrankungen führten in Europa im Jahr 2017 zum Verlust von 526.000 gesunden Lebensjahren und zu knapp 24.000 Todesfällen, ergab ein Review. Genau Daten zu Lungenkrebs wurden darin nicht erfasst.

Insgesamt gehen in Europa rund 20 Prozent aller Krebserkrankungen auf den Konsum von Tabak zurück, zeigt eine Skala des European Journal of Cancer. Etwa die Hälfte davon macht Lungenkrebs aus, gefolgt von Krebserkrankungen der Lippen, der Mundhöhle und des Rachens, der Blase und des Kehlkopfes bei Männern und Darmkrebs, Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs und Mundhöhlen- und Rachenkrebs bei Frauen.

Dabei sind Unterschiede zwischen den Geschlechtern deutlich: Während in Europa bei Männern 28 Prozent aller Krebserkrankungen auf Tabak zurückzuführen sind, sind es bei den Frauen zehn Prozent.

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