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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Rauchen und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Rauchen und Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen

Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen wie Bluthochdruck, Herzinsuffizienz, Herzinfarkt, Krankheiten der Blutgefäße und Schlaganfall zählen zu den häufigsten Todesursachen auch in Österreich. Sie haben viele Ursachen, aber ein zentraler Faktor für ihre Entstehung ist der Konsum von Tabak.

Rauchen erhöht das Erkrankungsrisiko

Wer raucht, erhöht die Wahrscheinlichkeit an Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen zu erkranken deutlich. Dabei gibt es keine Gefährdungsgrenze: Schon eine Zigarette pro Tag steigert das Risiko deutlich.

Rund doppelt so hohes Risiko für Schlaganfall und Herzinfarkt

So haben Rauchende im Vergleich zu Nichtrauchenden ein mehr als doppelt so hohes Risiko für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und ein doppelt so hohes Risiko für Schlaganfall. Signifikant häufiger sind bei Rauchenden auch Atherosklerose, periphere arterielle Verschlusserkrankungen und Aneurysma der Bauchaorta.

Ausgangspunkt für Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen sind Verhärtungen der Blutgefäße, auch „Arteriosklerose“ genannt. Dadurch kann mittelfristig der Blutfluss behindert werden. Es drohen Herzinfarkt und Schlaganfall. Rauchen fördert diese Prozesse auf mehreren Ebenen. Es verschlechtert auch den Cholesterinspiegel, indem es das „gute“ Cholesterin (HDL) senkt und das „schlechte“ Cholesterin (LDL) erhöht. Außerdem steigert Nikotin den Blutdruck. Denn Nikotin setzt Botenstoffe frei, die die Blutgefäße verengen. Auch Nikotin ohne Tabak – etwa in Form von E-Zigaretten – erhöht also die Neigung zu Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen.

Nach fünf Jahren Rauchfreiheit Risiko wie ohne Rauchen

Arterielle Verschlusskrankheiten können Amputationen von Gliedmaßen notwendig machen. Wer mit dem Rauchen aufhört, kann viele Risiken wieder senken. So halbiert sich im Vergleich zum Weiterrauchen das Risiko für Herzinfarkt nach einem Jahr Rauchfreiheit und das Risiko für Schlaganfall nach fünf Jahren ohne Tabak.

Auch E-Zigaretten schaden im Vergleich zum Nichtrauchen Herz und Kreislauf deutlich. So wurde bereits ein deutlich höheres Risiko für

Weltweit jeder fünfte Tod durch Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen vom Rauchen

Laut Weltgesundheitsorganisation (WHO) verursacht das Rauchen rund 21 Prozent aller Todesfälle durch Herz-Kreislauf-Erkrankungen und wäre damit vermeidbar. Das entspricht 1,9 Millionen Todesfällen pro Jahr.

Das Rauchen konventioneller Zigaretten führt zu einem frühzeitigen Beginns der kardiovaskulären Alterung. Das zeigt eine Studie. Es beeinflusst auch bestimmte Biomarkern negativ, die Entzündungen, Funktionen von Zellschichten, den Stoffwechsel und onkologische Prozesse  regulieren.

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