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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Tabaksteuer wirkt - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Tabaksteuer wirkt

Ein deutliches Anheben des Preises für Tabakwaren und Nikotinprodukte gilt als sehr effektive Maßnahme der Tabakkontrolle. Spürbare Erhöhungen der Tabaksteuer und damit des Preises senken den Konsum drastisch, stellen Studien fest.

Kleine Anhebungen wirkungslos

Studien belegen, dass sich der Tabakkonsum nur bei spürbaren Preiserhöhungen drastisch senkt. Wird der Preis nur ein bisschen höher, verändert sich das Konsumverhalten der Menschen nicht. Mit anderen Worten: Wenn die Zigaretten zwar etwas mehr kosten, aber eben nicht viel mehr, dann akzeptieren dies Rauchende. Sie rauchen gleich viel wie vorher. Die Erhöhung muss also hoch genug sein, sonst ist sie wirkungslos. Aber wie viel ist eine „spürbare“ Erhöhung? Welche Veränderung der Tabaksteuer ist effektiv? Um wie viel Prozent muss der Preis steigen, um Wirkung zu haben?

Preiserhöhung um zehn Prozent besonders effektiv

Deutliche Wirkung auf den Konsum zeigte sich in Ländern, die die Preise durch Steuererhöhungen um zehn Prozent anhoben. Wie stark die Wirkung auf die Senkung des Anteils von rauchenden Menschen ist, hing auch vom durchschnittlichen Einkommen in den Ländern ab. Je niedriger das durchschnittliche Einkommen in einem Land, desto höher war die Wirkung teurerer Tabakwaren.

Am Beispiel der Wirkung auf Jugendliche und junge Erwachsene in Entwicklungsländern und Schwellenländern untersuchte das ein US-amerikanisches Forschungsteam. Anhand der Analyse des Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) in 17 „Low and Middle Income Countries“ (LMICs) verglichen sie den Anteil der Rauchenden zwischen 1999 und 2006 mit der jeweiligen Entwicklung der Preise für Tabakwaren.

Besonders starker Effekt bei weniger Einkommen

Der Anstieg des Zigarettenpreises um zehn Prozent führte in allen Ländern zu signifikanter Reduktion sowohl der Anzahl von jugendlichen Rauchenden als auch der Anzahl der gerauchten Zigaretten bei Jugendlichen, die trotzdem weiter rauchten.

Besonders stark war der Effekt in ärmeren Ländern: In den „Low Income Countries“ führte ein Preisanstieg um zehn Prozent zu einer Reduktion der Prävalenz unter jugendlichen Raucher*innen um mindestens 7,4 Prozent und einen Rückgang der gerauchten Zigaretten um fast 14 Prozent. Aber auch in Ländern mit durchschnittlich hohem Einkommen („Middle Income Countries“) fällt diese Entwicklung ähnlich, wenn auch nicht so deutlich aus. Junge Raucher*innen reagieren in allen Ländern auf deutliche Preiserhöhungen für Zigaretten stärker als Erwachsene.

Eine weitere Berechnung bezieht auch Industrieländer ein und stellt auch dort fest: „Tabaksteuer kann Leben retten.“ Eine große Gruppe internationaler Wissenschaftler*innen hatte sich zur Task Force on Fiscal Policy for Health zusammengefunden. Auf Basis vieler Länder und ihrer jeweiligen Preis- und Konsumentwicklung berechneten sie, wie stark der Preis steigen muss, um Wirkung zu zeigen. Auch in dieser Studie stellten sich zehn Prozent als magische Grenze für deutliche Wirksamkeit heraus.

Eine Anhebung des Preises um zehn Prozent führt durchschnittlich zu einem Rückgang des Konsums um fünf Prozent. Auch für Alkohol und süße Getränke stellte der Bericht einen Rückgang durch Erhöhung von Steuern fest.

Keine andere Einzelmaßnahme zeigt mehr Wirkung

Keine andere Einzelmaßnahme zeigt mehr Wirkung auf das Rauchverhalten der Bevölkerung als die Anhebung der Tabaksteuer.

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