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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Mobbing fördert Nikotinkonsum - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Mobbing fördert Nikotinkonsum

Jugendliche Mobbing-Opfer konsumieren eher E-Zigarette als Jugendliche ohne Erfahrung mit Mobbing. Nikotin könnte Selbstmedikation sein.

Sie haben Fragen oder möchten ein Projekt mit uns starten?

ANFRAGEN

Zusammenhang wissenschaftlich belegt

Opfer von Mobbing zu sein, kann verschiedenen negative Folgen haben, etwa Unsicherheit, Ängstlichkeit, Depressivität, soziale Scheu und geringeres Selbstvertrauen.

Wer sich sozial ausgeschlossen fühlt, Mobbing oder Gewalt erfahren hat, konsumiert auffallend häufig suchterzeugende Substanzen. So ist bekannt, dass Opfer von Mobbing häufiger mit dem Konsum von Tabak und Alkohol beginnen als Vergleichsgruppen ohne Mobbing-Erfahrung. Auch ein Zusammenhang zwischen Mobbing und Missbrauch anderer Substanzen wie verschreibungspflichtigen Medikamenten gilt als belegt.

Bei Tabak ist aus der Forschung auch bekannt, dass nicht nur die Opfer von Mobbing, sondern auch die Täter*innen mit größerer Wahrscheinlichkeit rauchen.

Je mehr Erfahrung mit Mobbing, desto eher E-Zigarette

Jüngere Forschung untersucht nun auch diesen Zusammenhang mit der E-Zigarette. Sie kommt zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen: Die Erfahrung von Mobbing steigert den Konsum von E-Zigarette.

So untersucht eine Studie deutsche Schüler*innen der fünften bis zur zehnten Schulstufe. Im Mittel waren die Schüler*innen 13,1 Jahre alt. Sie wurden zu ihren Erfahrungen mit Mobbing gefragt und konnten diese in Form von fünf Abstufungen angeben. Die Abstufungen reichten von „nie“ bis „mehrmals pro Woche“. Auch der Konsum von E-Zigaretten wurde erhoben.

Es bestand ein signifikanter Zusammenhang zwischen Mobbing-Erfahrungen und dem Konsum von E-Zigaretten. Er hing auch eindeutig mit der Häufigkeit der negativen Erfahrungen zusammen: Je häufiger jemand Mobbing erfahren hatte, desto größer war die Wahrscheinlichkeit für den Konsum von E-Zigarette.

Ohne Berücksichtigung von anderen Einflussfaktoren wie sozioökonomischem Status, Konsum anderer suchterzeugender Substanzen und der Neigung zu „sensation seeking“ war der Zusammenhang besonders groß. Er bleibt aber auch nach Berücksichtigung der anderen Faktoren sichtbar und statistisch signifikant: Schüler*innen mit Mobbing-Erfahrung rauchen besonders häufig E-Zigarette. Andere Formen des Tabak- und Nikotinkonsums wurden in der vorliegenden Studie nicht untersucht.

Substanzkonsum als Selbstmedikation gegen negative Gefühle

Forschende verfolgen die These, dass Mobbing-Opfer suchterzeugende Substanzen als eine Art Selbstmedikation einsetzen, mit deren Hilfe sie die negativen Emotionen durch die Gewalterfahrung zu bewältigen versuchen.

Wer Mobbing erlebt hat, tendiert generell zu riskanterem Verhalten. So zeigt eine Studie eine starke Evidenz für eine Zunahme verschiedenster riskanter Verhaltensweisen in den Monaten nach dem Mobbing. Es war dabei unerheblich, ob das Mobbing im direkten Kontakt („Bullying“) oder virtuell („Cyber-Bullying“) stattgefunden hatte.

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