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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Psychologie des E-Zigaretten-Konsums - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

Psychologie des E-Zigaretten-Konsums

E-Zigaretten können ein Einstieg ins Rauchen von konventionelle Tabakprodukten sein – und zwar auch bei Jugendlichen und jungen Erwachsenen.

E-Zigaretten als Einstiegsprodukt

Wer E-Zigaretten konsumiert, beginnt im Vergleich zu Nicht-Konsumierenden später mit deutlich größerer Wahrscheinlichkeit mit dem Rauchen von Tabakzigaretten.

Die psychologischen Hintergründe des Rauchbeginns scheinen einander bei E-Zigarette und Tabakzigaretten ähnlich zu sein. Zu diesem Schluss kommt eine US-amerikanische Studie, für die 1136 Schülerinnen und Schüler ein Jahr lang beforscht wurden. Zuvor wurden sie einem psychologischen Test unterzogen und in die Gruppen „rebellisch / nicht rebellisch“ und „gewillt zu rauchen / nicht gewillt zu rauchen“ eingeteilt.

Wer zum Beginn der Studie E-Zigarette konsumierte, hatte eine signifikant größere Wahrscheinlichkeit, ein Jahr später konventionelle Tabakprodukte zu rauchen. Die Beginn-Rate ein Jahr nach Studienbeginn war 4 Prozent bei denen, die keine E-Zigarette konsumierten, aber 19 Prozent bei den E-Zigaretten-Rauchenden. Besonders stark war der Zusammenhang bei den Jugendlichen, die an sich keine Neigung zum Zigarettenrauchen gezeigt hatten („nicht gewillt zu rauchen“, „nicht rebellisch“). Die Studienautoren schließen daraus, dass E-Zigaretten das Bedürfnis zu rauchen auslösen können.

Eine andere Studie nahm den Zusammenhang von jugendlichem E-Zigaretten-Konsum, Verhaltensauffälligkeiten, Straffälligkeit und dem Konsum anderer Substanzen unter die Lupe. Es bestand ein erhöhter Zusammenhang im Gegensatz zu jenen Jugendlichen, die keine E-Zigaretten konsumierten. Dampfende Jugendliche waren eher auch auffällig in ihrem generellen Verhalten, hatten eher Probleme mit dem Gesetz und konsumierten eher nicht nur konventionelle Zigaretten, sondern auch andere psychoaktive Substanzen. Auch in dieser Studie wurde für dampfende Jugendliche ein bestimmtes Muster von Risikoverhalten und psychologischen Hintergründen festgestellt.

Eine Untersuchung an Schüler*innen stellte bei knapp einem Viertel (23,1 Prozent) der E-Zigaretten-Nutzer*innen die psychologische Bereitschaft zum Rauchen von konventionellen Zigaretten fest. Vor allem E-Zigaretten mit süßem und fruchtigem Geschmack können demnach Jugendliche ansprechen.

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