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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Gesundheit und Passivrauch - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention

Gesundheit und Passivrauch

Passivrauch bedeutet das Einatmen von Tabakrauch, ohne selbst aktiv zu rauchen. Er beinhaltet dieselben giftigen Substanzen, als ob man selbst rauchen würde. Daher kann er auch dieselben gesundheitlichen Schäden verursachen.

Passivrauch fördert Lungenkrebs und Herzerkrankungen

Passivrauch begünstigt Erkrankungen des Herz-Kreislaufsystems, Erkrankungen der Lunge und Krebserkrankungen. So haben Menschen, die regelmäßig Passivrauch ausgesetzt sind, ein um 20 bis 30 Prozent höheres Risiko, an Lungenkrebs oder koronarer Herzkrankheit zu erkranken und zu sterben. Auch für Blasenkrebs wurde in einer Meta-Analyse ein signifikant erhöhtes Erkrankungsrisiko nachgewiesen.

Dabei macht die Dosis das Gift: Je regelmäßiger und länger man Passivrauch einatmet, desto größer ist das Risiko. Als Passivrauch im gesundheitsschädlichen Ausmaß zählt das Einatmen in Innenräumen. Im Freien mag Passivrauch unangenehm sein, verflüchtigt sich aber in seinen schädlichen Stoffen rasch.

Passivrauch schädigt Milchzähne

Kinder sind durch Passivrauchen in Innenräumen besonders gefährdet, da sie eine höhere Atemfrequenz und ein weniger effizientes Entgiftungssystem als Erwachsene haben. Passivrauchen während der Schwangerschaft schadet dem Ungeborenen. Bei Kleinkindern und älteren Kindern sind als Folge von Passivrauch vor allem die Atemwege betroffen. Wissenschaftlich im Raum steht, dass Passivrauchen im Kindesalter langfristige gesundheitliche Folgen bis ins Jugend- und Erwachsenenalter hat.

Durch Passivrauch erhöht sich das Risiko, dass Milchzähne bereits ab dem Alter von vier Monaten geschädigt werden. Die Daten von knapp 77.000 japanischen Kindern im Alter zwischen vier Monaten und drei Jahren wurden gesammelt und in einer Studie analysiert.

600.000 Tote jährlich

Weltweit sind 40 Prozent der Kinder, 33 Prozent der Frauen und 35 Prozent der Männer unfreiwillig Tabakrauch ausgesetzt. Rund 600.000 versterben vorzeitig an Passivrauch: 379.000 Menschen an Herzerkrankungen, 165.000 an allgemeinen Atemwegserkrankungen, 36.900 an Asthma und 21.400 an Lungenkrebs. Frauen schadet Passivrauch besonders: Etwa 47 Prozent aller Todesfälle, die auf Passivrauch zurückzuführen sind, betreffen Frauen.

Auch die Haut saugt Tabak-Giftstoffe auf

Auch moderne Lüftungsanlagen können die schädlichen Inhaltsstoffe des Tabakrauchs nicht vollständig aus der Raumluft entfernen. Dies bestätigt eine deutsch-dänische Studie. Nichtrauchende verbrachten drei Stunden in einem verrauchten Raum. Über die Haut hatten sie im Schnitt 560 Mikrogramm Nikotin aufgenommen. Das entspricht fast dem Nikotin einer selbst gerauchten Zigarette und war noch 60 Stunden später nachweisbar war. Im Rahmen der Studie wurden auch T-Shirts fünf Tage in einem verrauchten Raum aufgehängt. Danach musste es jemand tragen, der nicht raucht. Im Urin der Nichtrauchenden war nur durch das Tragen des verrauchten T-Shirts Cotinin nachweisbar, ein Abbau-Produkt von Nikotin.

In Österreich sind laut Gesundheitsbefragung 2019 mehr als ein Drittel der Bevölkerung (36,1 Prozent) regelmäßig Passivrauch in Innenräumen ausgesetzt.

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