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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 E-Zigaretten und Entwöhnung - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention
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VIVID INSIDE

E-Zigaretten & Entwöhnung

Die WHO und Sucht-Expert*innen warnen vor E-Zigaretten. Forschende und Behörden aus Großbritannien sehen sie hingegen als Mittel, um von Tabakzigaretten loszukommen. Auch viele Rauchende hoffen, mit der E-Zigarette ihre Sucht zu beenden.

Auch E-Zigaretten machen abhängig

Es ist ein umstrittenes Thema, ob E-Zigaretten bei der Entwöhnung helfen oder nicht. Und doch ist es nicht umstritten, wenn man hinter die Kulissen blickt. Denn es kommt allein auf die Definition der Begriffe „Entwöhnung“ und „aufhören“ an. Wer die E-Zigarette als Mittel der Tabakentwöhnung sieht, definiert bereits den Umstieg auf ein anderes Produkt als „Entwöhnung“.

Umstieg auf E-Zigaretten ist keine Entwöhnung

Aus Sicht der Suchtprävention ist die Sache klar: Wer umsteigt, gilt nicht als Ex-Raucher*in, sondern als jemand, der auf ein anderes Nikotinprodukt gewechselt hat. Wer umsteigt, ist nicht entwöhnt. Denn Entwöhnung inkludiert, ohne Nikotinprodukt auszukommen. Entwöhnung heißt, nicht mehr süchtig zu sein.

Wer E-Zigaretten als Übergang zum Nichtrauchen sieht, kann davon enttäuscht werden. Denn im Gegensatz zu pharmakologischem Nikotinersatz scheinen sie deutlich weniger dafür zu taugen. Das zeigen Studien. Es kann durch den Umstieg auf E-Zigaretten sogar noch schwerer sein, vom Nikotin loszukommen.

Auch die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin kann keinen Nutzen fürs Aufhören erkennen. „Wer E-Zigaretten zur Rauchentwöhnung empfiehlt, verkennt die Studienlage“, zitiert die Fachgesellschaft den Pneumologen Tobias Welte von der Medizinischen Hochschule Hannover, der auch Präsident der European Respiratory Society (ERS) ist. „Auch E-Zigaretten sind gesundheitsschädlich und daher als Entwöhnungshilfe vollkommen ungeeignet.“

Die Wirksamkeit von E-Zigaretten in der Entwöhnung ist gering und „wenig bewiesen“. Das stellt auch das von der EU-Kommission beauftragte „Scientific Committee on Health, Environmental and Emerging Risks“ (SCHEER) nach Analyse der Evidenz basierten Studien fest. Auch das Rauchfrei Telefon empfiehlt E-Zigaretten nicht in der Entwöhnung.

E-Zigaretten helfen höchstens dabei, von Tabak loszukommen, nicht jedoch von der Abhängigkeit. In der Realität raucht die Mehrheit der Umsteiger jedoch weiterhin auch Tabak. In Österreich sind 68 Prozent der E-Zigaretten-Nutzer*innen auch Tabakzigarette. Dies nennt man Dual Use.

Fast alle nach einem Jahr noch abhängig

Selbst wer ganz auf E-Zigarette umstieg, hat durch die E-Zigarette geringere Chancen, von Nikotin loszukommen: Ein Jahr nach dem Umstieg sind 89 Prozent noch immer tägliche Dampfer, fand eine Langzeit-Studie heraus.

Die renommierten „Leitlinien Tabakentwöhnung“ des AWMF empfehlen die E-Zigarette weder als Hilfsmittel zur Entwöhnung noch zur Schadensminimierung.

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