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/home/.sites/685/site2987125/web/vivid/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields-pro/pro/fields/class-acf-field-clone.php on line 35 Dual use - VIVID - Fachstelle für Suchtprävention

Dual use

Wer E-Zigarette raucht, raucht meist auch konventionelle Zigarette. Paralleler Konsum beginnt situationsabhängig und wird oft zur Gewohnheit. Nur eine Minderheit konsumiert ausschließlich E-Zigarette. Das zeigt sich bei Jugendlichen und Erwachsenen und ist besonders schädlich.

Abhängigkeit höher

Vom gefährlicheren Produkt, der konventionellen Zigarette, auf das etwas weniger gefährliche Produkt, die E-Zigarette, umsteigen. Das wollen viele Menschen, und das entspricht auch der Kommunikationsstrategie der Tabakindustrie.

Aber die Realität sieht anders aus: Mittelfristig fangen viele nach einem Umstieg parallel wieder mit dem alten Rauchen an. Sie rauchen letztlich beides: konventionell und elektrisch.

Je nach Situation Nikotinprodukte kombinieren

Das nennt man Doppelkonsum, im Fachbegriff „Dual use“. Andere Begriffe sind „Doppel-Konsum“ und „paralleler Konsum“.

Häufig beginnt das Kombinieren von Nikotinprodukten situationsabhängig: Wenn der Akku oder das Liquid der E-Zigarette leer ist, raucht man konventionelle Zigarette. Mit den Arbeitskolleginnen konsumiert man konventionelle Zigarette, privat Tabakerhitzer. An sich raucht man elektrisch und konventionell, aber wenn es niemand bemerken soll, schiebt man sich einen Nikotinbeutel in den Mund. Doppel-Konsum ist also häufig mit bestimmte Lebenssituationen verbunden. Davon ausgehend wird er meist zur Gewohnheit.

Die häufigste Kombination von Dual use ist konventionelle Zigarette und E-Zigarette. Die meisten verfügbaren Daten beziehen sich auch auf diese Konsumform, ist doch die E-Zigarette auch das älteste der neuen Nikotinprodukte.

Mehrheit raucht parallel elektrisch und konventionell

Doppelkonsum ist ein weit verbreitetes Verhalten. Es betrifft sehr viele Menschen. Dual use ist die mit Abstand häufigste Konsumform von E-Zigarette, aber auch von Tabakerhitzer.

Rund zwei Drittel derer, die E-Zigarette rauchen, rauchen auch konventionelle Zigarette. In Österreich rauchen laut Gesundheitsbefragung 2019 mehr als zwei Drittel (68 Prozent) der E-Zigaretten-Konsument*innen auch konventionelle Zigarette. In Deutschland sind es laut DEBRA-Befragung 2024 77 Prozent, in der Europäischen Union laut Eurobarometer Survey 2022 59 Prozent.

Auch beim Tabakerhitzer sind die Zahlen mit 77 Prozent in Deutschland, 79 Prozent in der EU jeweils sehr hoch. Mit anderen Worten: Knapp acht von zehn Raucher*innen von Tabakerhitzern rauchen auch konventionelle Zigaretten.

Auch im Jugendalter scheint sich die Kombination mehrerer Nikotinprodukte bereits zu verfestigen. Eine Studie untersuchte den Nikotinkonsum von knapp 18.000 zwölf- bis 17-jährigen Jugendlichen in Deutschland. 17,8 Prozent von ihnen hatten bereits Erfahrung mit konventioneller Zigarette, 19,6 Prozent mit E-Zigarette und 13,4 Prozent mit beiden Produkten.

Dualer Konsum ist besonders schädlich für die Gesundheit. Parallel konventionelle Zigarette und E-Zigarette zu rauchen, schadet mehr, als jedes Produkt exklusiv zu konsumieren.

Höhere Abhängigkeit

Zusätzlich ist auch die Abhängigkeit von Nikotin bei Menschen, die sowohl konventionelle Zigarette als auch E-Zigarette konsumieren höher als bei Menschen, die nur ein Nikotinprodukt konsumieren. Das zeigt eine Studie. Der Nikotingehalt im Harn ist dementsprechend erhöht.

Dem entspricht das Ergebnis einer anderen Studie: Sie untersuchte Nutzer*innen verschiedener Nikotinprodukte in Bezug auf den Kohlenmonoxid-Gehalt. Der Kohlenmonoxid-Gehalt gibt Aufschluss auf die Menge des Konsums. Je höher der Wert, desto mehr Tabak und Nikotin wurde zuvor konsumiert.

Wer nur ein Produkt konsumierte – egal, ob konventionelle oder E-Zigarette – hatte niedrigere Kohlenmonoxid-Werte als Dual user in verschiedenen Kombinationen. Auch dies verdeutlicht, dass bei Dual use im Schnitt mehr konsumiert wird.

Mehr dazu: